Mu gihe Amerika ikomeje gukura abayo mu murwa mukuru Kabul wa Afghanistan, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hakomeje guhererekanywa amafoto ya kajugujugu ihungisha abantu ibakura muri ambasade y’Amerika i Kabul.
Dusubiye mu 1975, umufotozi w’Umuholandi Hubert van Es yafashe ifoto ubu yamamaye igaragaza abantu bihutira kugera muri kajugujugu iri ku gisenge cy’inzu mu mujyi wa Saigon, ubwo intambara ya Vietnam yari iri hafi kurangira.
Iyi ndege ya kajugujugu yafotowe igwa ku gisenge cy’ambasade y’Amerika i Kabul
Abasesenguzi n’abadepite bo muri Amerika – abo mu ishyaka ry’abarepubulikani cyo kimwe n’abo mu ry’abademokarate – bakomeje gufata icyiswe ifatwa rya Saigon bakarigereranya no gufatwa kwa Kabul n’aba Taliban.
Ifatwa rya Saigon ni iki?
Intambara ya Vietnam yari hagati ya leta ya gikomunisiti ya Vietnam ya ruguru na Vietnam y’epfo hamwe n’inshuti yayo y’ingenzi, Amerika.
Yabaye intambara ndende yamaze hafi imyaka 20 yahenze (yatwaye amafaranga menshi) Amerika, ndetse yaciyemo ibice cyane Abanyamerika.
Imvugo “ifatwa rya Saigon” ishatse kuvuga igihe umurwa mukuru wa Vietnam y’epfo wafatwaga n’ingabo za gikomunisiti za Vietnam (the People’s Army of Vietnam), zizwi nanone nka ‘the Viet Cong’.
Saigon yafashwe n’ingabo za Viet Cong ku itariki ya 30 y’ukwezi kwa kane mu 1975.
Muri icyo gihe harimo hanaba intambara y’ubutita (Guerre Froide/Cold War), Vietnam y’amajyaruguru yari ishyigikiwe n’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti (urebye ni Uburusiya bwo muri iki gihe) ndetse n’izindi nshuti zayo z’ibihugu bigendera ku mahame ya gikomunisiti.
Ni mu gihe Vietnam y’amajyepfo yari ishyigikiwe n’ingabo z’ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bw’isi (Uburayi n’Amerika) – harimo n’ingabo z’Amerika zibarirwa mu bihumbi amagana.
Amerika yakuye ingabo zayo muri Vietnam y’amajyepfo mu 1973, imyaka ibiri nyuma yaho icyo gihugu gitangaza ko kimanitse amaboko gitsinzwe intambara, nyuma yuko ingabo za Vietnam ya ruguru zifashe Saigon – nyuma yaje guhindurirwa izina ikitwa Ho Chi Minh City, yitirirwa uwahoze ari umutegetsi wa Vietnam ya ruguru Ho Chi Minh.
Cyo kimwe na Kabul, ifatwa ry’uwo mujyi ryarihuse cyane kurusha uko Amerika yari ibyiteze.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Amerika yataye ambasade yayo y’i Saigon ndetse ihungisha Abanyamerika barenga 7,000, Abanya-Vietnam y’amajyepfo n’abandi banyamahanga, ikoresheje kajugujugu – igikorwa cyakozwe hutihuti kizwi nka Operation Frequent Wind.
Kubigereranya na Kabul harimo gushyira mu gaciro?
Ubwo yari igeze ku musozo, intambara ya Vietnam yari yaramaze kurushaho kwangwa muri Amerika, kandi ntabwo yari imaze gusa gutwara igihugu za miliyari z’amadolari, ahubwo yari imaze no kwicirwamo Abanyamerika barenga 58,000.
Kuri bamwe, ifatwa rya Saigon ryasize icyasha (igisebo) izina ry’Amerika mu mahanga.
Mu myaka za mirongo ishize kuva icyo gihe, hadutse imvugo ‘Vietnam Syndrome’ – ishatse kuvuga gutseta ibirenge kw’abatora b’Abanyamerika iyo hageze kwemeza ko ingabo z’iki gihugu zoherezwa mu mahanga.
Benshi bakora igenamigambi ry’Amerika bagaragaje isano iri hagati ya Saigon na Kabul.
Elise Stefanik, ukuriye inama nkuru y’abarepubulikani bo mu nteko ishingamategeko, yanditse kuri Twitter ati: “Iyi ni Saigon ya Joe Biden. Gutsindwa kwangije byinshi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kutazigera na rimwe kwibagirana”.
Mu kwezi gushize, Jenerali Mark Milley ukuriye abakuru b’ingabo z’Amerika muri minisiteri y’ingabo, yahinyuye iryo gereranya.
Jenerali Milley yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Nshobora kuba nibeshya, nta wamenya, ntushobora kumenya ibizaba mu gihe kizaza, ariko… aba Taliban ntabwo ari ingabo za Vietnam ya ruguru. Ntabwo ari ibintu by’ubwo bwoko”.
Hirengagijwe igisobanuro-shusho hombi hatanga, hari amatandukaniro akomeye hagati ya Saigon na Kabul.
Kuri iyi foto yamamaye ku isi yafashwe mu 1975, abantu bagaragara burira mu ndege ya kajugujugu ku gisenge cy’ibiro by’ikigo cy’ubutasi bwo hanze cy’Amerika (CIA Station) i Saigon
Ifatwa rya Saigon ryabaye hashize imyaka ibiri ingabo z’Amerika zivuye muri Vietnam. Hagati aho, ibikorwa by’Amerika byo guhungisha abayo ibakura i Kabul, birimo kuba mu gihe Amerika yari isanzwe yitegura kuva muri Afghanistan.
Ariko nubwo ibibazo muri politiki byabaye bicye kuri Perezida w’Amerika Gerald Ford mu 1975, ntibizwi ingaruka izaba kuri Perezida Biden, nubwo intambara ya Afghanistan yari yanzwe muri Amerika.
Christopher Phelps, umwarimu wigisha amateka na politiki y’Amerika kuri Kaminuza ya Nottingham mu Bwongereza, agira ati: “Mfite gushidikinya gucye ko bigiye kumvisha Biden”.
“Bigiye kubonwa nko gutsindwa, biranashoboka ko byabonwa nk’igisebo – rwose cyari icyemezo cye, ushyize mu gaciro cyangwa utagashyizemo”.
SRC:BBCÂ
