Mouhamed Oualy, umuhinzi wo muri Senegal, ntabwo aragera mu nyanja, ariko agiye kujya mu rugendo ruteye ubwoba mu nyanja urugendo rwahinduye inyanja ya Atlantika irimbi rusange.
Ati: “Abasare bampamagaye barambwira ngo nitegure. Ndasaba ko munsengera igihe kirageze”.
Mu buryo budasanzwe, BBC Africa Eye yabashije kwinjira mu mikorere y’ibanga abajyana bitemewe abimukira i Burayi baciye mu nzira y’inyanja ibanza kubageza ku birwa bya Canary bya Espagne.
Oualy ni umwe mu bimukira bashaka kugera kuri ibi birwa , imibare y’abagerayo ubu yageze ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyane.
Abategetsi kuri biriya birwa baburira abahaza ko ikibategereje ku nkombe z’ibibuye kuri ibi birwa ari “imikorere yarengewe ubushobozi”- ariko nta kibuza Oualy ukwiyemeza kwe.
Mu bwato buto bwuzuriranye, ubwato gakondo bw’imbaho bukoreshwa mu kuroba kugera mu bwato bwisumbuyeho, Oualy ashobora kumara iminsi, yewe n’ibyumweru, muri iki gice cy’inyanja cy’ubukana bukabije.
Kuva muri Senegal ujyayo, hari intera igera kuri 1,000km kugera ku 2,000km mu nyanja bitewe n’aho wahagurukiye, izo ni inshuro 10 intera y’abambuka baciye mu nyanja ya Mediterane.
Mu gihe bashobora guca mu mihengeri, aba bagenzi kenshi bagorwa no kuba amazi abashirana, kurwara bikomeye, hamwe n’ubwoba bukabije.
Nijoro, bakikijwe n’umwijima, abantu akenshi bamera nk’abataye ubwenge kubera icyoba hamwe no gukakara kubwo kubura amazi.
Kure cyane y’inkombe, mu gace ka Tambacounda mu burasirazuba bwa Senegal, abana ba Oualy n’umuryango we batungwa n’udufaranga ducye avana mu buhinzi.
Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 40 hashize umwaka atabona abe, kuko yimukiye hafi y’inkombe y’inyanja, hamwe mu ho amato ahagurukira.
Aha amaze igihe akora akazi k’ubumotari, akanaguza inshuti amafaranga ngo ageze ku $1,000 asabwa n’ubwato bwerekeza ku birwa bya Canary.
Mu gutinya ko ashobora kubeshywa, yemeranyijwe n’abambutsa abantu ko azatanga amafaranga yuzuye ubwato bumaze kugerayo.
Ku mwaro ahatekanye, yabwiye BBC ati: “Nta uzi igishobora kumbaho muri aya mazi.
“Ubwato bushobora kurohama, bukatwica twese. Uguye mu nyanja ni iki cyakuramira? Igishoboka gusa ni urupfu, ariko ugomba kwiyemeza”.
Amato za mirongo yaburiwe irengero atwaye abantu amagana.
Kubera kutagira uburyo nyabwo bwerekana inzira, amato amwe ata inzira bikarangira azunguruka mu nyanja ya Atlantika, andi akazagera no ku nkombe za Brazil, abayarimo ari imirambo.
Mu gihe Oualy yarokoka uru rugendo, i Burayi yizeye imibereho yatuma atunga umuryango we, ariko urugendo rwe yarugize ibanga mu kwirinda kubatera ubwoba.
Nubwo Senegal yagaragaje gutera imbere kuva mu 2010, hejuru ya kimwe cya gatatu cy’abaturage bayo baracyabaho mu bukene, nk’uko bivugwa na Banki y’isi.
Oualy ati: “Ntako ntagize nkora, ariko ibintu ntibyahindutse. Iyo nta mafaranga ufite, ntacyo uba uvuze. Ni njye kizere cyabo gusa kandi nta mafaranga mfite.”
Kimwe na Oualy, benshi mu bimukira kuri iyi nzira ni abo mu bihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara bahunga ubukene n’intambara, ubu byahuhutse kubera ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
Ibirwa bya Canary byabaye umuryango mugari w’abimukira n’impunzi bizeye kugera i Burayi, cyane cyane nyuma y’uko ibihugu nk’Ubugereki n’Ubutaliyani bishyize ingufu mu kuzibira amayira yo muri Mediterane ava muri Libya na Tunisia.
Hafi abagera ku 40,000 bageze kuri ibi birwa mu 2023, umubare munini mu myaka za mirongo ishize. Kugeza ubu muri uyu mwaka, abarenga 30,800 bamaze kugera kuri ibi birwa.
Uko ikirere kigenda kimera neza muri Atlantika, abategetsi ku birwa bya Canary bafite ubwoba ko “ikibi kirenze” kiri mu nzira.
Mu kiganiro cy’umwihariko na BBC Africa Eye, Fernando Clavijo, perezida wa leta y’ibirwa bya Canary, avuga ko urwego rw’ubutabazi rwaho “rwarengewe ubushobozi” aho abatabazi bo mu nyanja, polisi na Croix Rouge ubushobozi bwabo mu gutabara bwarengewe.
Ati: “Ingaruka ni uko benshi bazapfa, ntabwo tuzabasha gufasha abimukira nk’uko bikwiye.
“Ubu, Uburayi bwafunze inyanja ya Mediterane, bisobanuye ko inzira ya Atlantika, ari nayo mbi cyane, ari yo isigaye.”
BBC yavuganye n’abakozi b’inzego z’ubutabazi za Espagne, basabye kudatangazwa umwirondoro kuko bavuga uburyo bananiwe.
Umwe ati: “Abakozi ntibagishoboye kwihanganira kubona urupfu n’umubabaro.”
Ku kirwa El Hierro, kimwe mu bigize Canary, umubare w’abimukira bahageze kuva umwaka wa 2023 utangiye watumye abaturage b’iki kirwa bikuba kabiri bagera hafi ku 30,000.
Fernando Clavijo avuga ko abaturage ba hano batakibona imodoka rusange kuko zikoreshwa gutwara abimukira, ibyo avuga ko bishobora kongera urwango kuri bo bigatera n’impagarara muri rubanda.
Ati: “Bizaba ngombwa ko tubyirengera twese, kuva ku Ubumwe bw’Uburayi kugera kuri leta ya Espagne, kuko ntushobora kurekera leta y’ibirwa bya Canary iki kibazo yonyine”.
Mu mezi ya vuba aha, ukwiyongera gukomeye kw’abahagera kwateye impaka muri Espagne ku buryo iki gihugu gihangana n’abimukira batemewe, aho ibirwa bya Canary bisaba ubufasha bureseho guhangana n’ikibazo no gufasha abahageze, cyane cyane abana bari bonyine.
Dusubiye muri Senegal, Oualy amaherezo yahamagawe n’abambutsa abantu ngo asange abandi bagenzi ahantu h’ibanga. Hano amagara ye ari mu maboko yabo.
“Turi benshi, twuzuye iyo nzu. Hari abantu bo muri Mali no muri Guinea. Baradushyira mu twato duto tw’abantu 10 kugera kuri 15 butugeza ku bwato bunini, maze tugahaguruka.”
Kugira ngo azabashe uru rugendo, Oualy yitwaje amacupa y’amazi yo kunywa hamwe n’ibisuguti bicye.
Mu minsi ibiri ya mbere, yari arwaye. Umwanya munini kandi yabaga ahagaze kubera kubura umwanya uhagije n’ibitotsi.
Nyuma n’amazi yo kunywa yaramushiranye, atangira kunywa ay’inyanja.
Bamwe mu bwato batangira gutaka cyane no gutakaza ubwenge. Abashinzwe ubwato basaba abandi kubatsikamira hasi, kugira ngo batagwa mu nyanja cyangwa bakagushamo abandi.
Imibare y’ikigo gikurikirana iby’abimukira cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (IOM) ivuga ko inzira y’inyanja ya Atlantika irimo guhinduka ipfiramo abantu benshi cyane kurusha izindi.
Ikigereranyo cy’abantu 807 barapfuye cyangwa baburirwa irengero kugeza ubu muri uyu mwaka wa 2024 inyongera ya 76% ugereranyije n’igihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize.
Ariko imibare nyakuri ishobora kuba iri hejuru cyane kuko nyinshi mu mpanuka zihitana abantu bari muri izi ngendo zitamenyekana ngo zibarurwe.
“Buri minota 45, umwimukira agerageza kugera ku nkombe zacu. Ibi bivuze ko abakora ibyo kubambutsa bagenda bagira imbaraga”, ni ibivugwa na Clavijo ukesha iyo mibare ikigo Walking Borders giharanira uburenganzira muri Espagne.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rikurikirana ibyaha n’ibiyobyabwenge rivuga ko ibi bikorwa byo gutwara abantu muri iyi nzira byinjiriza ababikora agera kuri miliyoni $150 ku mwaka.
Lieutenant Antonio Fuentes wo mu ishami rya gisirikare rya Espagne ryashinzwe ngo rirwanye abambutsa abantu muri ubu buryo, yabwiye BBC ati: “Mafia ikora izi ngendo yabonye ko ibi ari nko gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, ahari amahirwe macye yo gufatwa.
“Kuri bo, umwimukira ni igicuruzwa. Batwara abantu nk’uko batwara ibiyobwenge cyangwa imbunda.”
Mu kumva neza imikorere y’aba bagizi ba nabi, BBC yavuganye n’umwe mu bategura ingendo z’aya mato y’abimukira ku ruhande rwa Senegal wasabye kudatangazwa amazina.
Ati: “Iyo ufashe ubwato bunini, bumwe bushobora gutwara abantu hagati ya 200 na 300, buri umwe yishyura agera ku $500, ni amafaranga menshi”.
Abajijwe icyo avuga ku ruhare rwe mu bikorwa bigize icyaha, ku ngendo zishe benshi mu bo basangiye igihugu, uyu nta kwicuza afite, yabwiye BBC ati: “Ni icyaha, uwafatwa wese akwiye guhanwa, ariko nta gisubizo gihari.
“Uzabona abantu mu mazi bapfuye, ariko ubwato burakomeza bukagenda.”
Nyuma y’iminsi itanu bahagurutse, BBC nta makuru ya Oualy yabonye. Maze ijoro rimwe arahamagara.
“Moteri yarimo ishyuha cyane kandi umuyaga ufite imbaraga nyinshi, bamwe mu basare bavugaga ngo tujye muri Maroc. Ariko kapiteni w’ubwato yanze. Yavuze ko nitugenda buhoro dushobora kugera muri Espagne nka saa kumi n’ebyiri z’igitondo.”
Haburaga amasaha ngo Oualy agere ku birwa bya Canary ubwo moteri y’ubu bwato yagiraga ibibazo benshi mu bimukira kubera ubwoba batangira kwigaragambya kuri kapiteni w’ubwato.
Ati: “Buri wese yatangiye gutongana no gutukana. Nuko kapiteni w’ubwato arabireka, arahindukira abugarura muri Senegal.”
Oualy yagarutse amahoro ariko yagize ibikomere n’ibibazo by’uburwayi kubera urwo rugendo.
Arababara cyane kandi agenda gahoro gahoro.
Nyuma y’umwaka ategura uru rugendo, Oualy agarutse kuri zeru ubu yasubiye iwabo aho arimo kongera kwisuganya abika amafaranga ngo azongere agende.
Ati: “Ndifuza gusubirayo nkagerageza nanone. Yego, nizeye Imana. Nimpfa, ni cyo Imana izaba yahisemo.”
Oualy aramutse ageze i Burayi, birashoboka ko azamara imyaka atarabona umuryango we. Napfira mu nyanja, bwo bazaba bamubuze iteka.
@BBC
