Imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya AI (artificial intelligence), zizwi nka “self-driving cars”, ni kimwe mu bisubizo by’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse rihindura isi. Izi modoka ziyobora zonyine zifashishije ubwenge bw’ubukorano, zigamije kugabanya impanuka, kunoza ingendo no korohereza abantu ubuzima, nubwo hakiri imbogamizi n’ibibazo by’umutekano n’amategeko.
Imodoka za AI, zizwi nka “self-driving cars” cyangwa “autonomous vehicles”, ni imodoka zifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyobora zitagombye kugira shoferi. Izi modoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano (Artificial Intelligence – AI) kugira ngo zimenye aho ziri, aho zigomba kujya, n’ibizikikije byose, bityo zikirinda impanuka no kugongana n’indi mihanda cyangwa abantu.
Zatangiye gukoreshwa ryari?
Imodoka za mbere zagerageje gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kwiyobora ku giti cyayo (self-driving) zatangiye kugeragerezwa mu myaka ya 1980, ariko mu buryo bwagutse, zatangiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bufatika kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, ubwo isosiyete ya Google yatangiraga umushinga witwa Waymo, ugamije gukora imodoka zigendera zitwawe n’ubwenge bw’ubukorano.
Iri koranabuhanga ryatangiriye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu kigo cya Google, binyuze mu ishami ryayo rya Waymo.
Kugeza ubu, imodoka za AI zikoreshwa cyangwa ziri kugeragerezwa mu bihugu bikurikira:
- Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA)
- Ubudage
- Ubushinwa
- Ubwongereza
- Ubuyapani
- Ubufaransa
- Canada
- Singapore
- Isirayeli
- Afurika y’Epfo (mu rwego rw’igerageza)
Ubwoko bw’imodoka zimaze gukorwa?
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’imodoka za AI zimaze gukorwa, harimo:
- Waymo (Google/Alphabet) : Imodoka zikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu nk’ama-taxi, mu mijyi nka Phoenix na San Francisco.
- Tesla (ya Elon Musk): Ifite imodoka zishobora kwiyobora ku gipimo runaka (Full Self-Driving mode).
- Cruise (GM): Imodoka zigendera mu mijyi zitwawe na AI, cyane cyane San Francisco.
- Zoox (Amazon): Imodoka zifite isura nshya, zidafite imbere n’inyuma (zigenda impande zombi).
- Baidu Apollo (Ubushinwa) :Imodoka zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa mu bwikorezi bw’abantu.
- Nuro: Imodoka ntoya zikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu (deliveries) aho gutwara abantu.
Ni nde wakoze iri koranabuhanga?
Nubwo abahanga benshi batanze umusanzu muri iri koranabuhanga, umwe mu bantu bazwi cyane waritangije mu buryo bufatika ni Sebastian Thrun, wahoze ari umushakashatsi muri Stanford University na Google. Yashinze kandi umushinga wa Waymo, wa mbere watangiye kugerageza imodoka zitagira shoferi mu buryo bukomeye.
Imikorere y’imodoka za AI
Imodoka za AI zikoresha ibintu bitandukanye bihujwe na mudasobwa zifite ubwenge:
- Camera: Ireba aho imodoka igenda, abantu, amatara, n’imodoka zindi.
- LIDAR (Laser radar): Igenzura ibintu biri imbere hifashishijwe imirasire.
- GPS: Imenya aho imodoka iherereye ku isi.
- Radar: Ireba kure no mu bicu cyangwa mu mvura.
- AI (Artificial Intelligence):Yakira amakuru yose ikayasesengura kugira ngo imodoka ifate ibyemezo by’icyo igomba gukora.
Imodoka ya AI ifata icyemezo ku buryo bwihuse, yirinda impanuka, igahagarara, igakata, kandi igatera imbere nk’uko umuntu yabigenza.
Ibyiza by’imodoka za AI:
- Zigabanya impanuka
- Zigabanya umunaniro ku bashoferi
- Zifasha abafite ubumuga
- Zikoresha lisansi neza (eco-driving)
- Zihutisha guhererekanya ibintu hagati y’abantu n’abandi.
- Ntizangiza ibidukikije
Ibibi by’imodoka za AI
- Igiciro kiri hejuru: Kubera igiciro gihanitse, abazitunze kugeza ubu ni mbarwa.
- Ibibazo by’umutekano: Zishobora kugabwaho ibitero bya cyber (hacking).
- Ziracyageragezwa: Ntabwo zirageza aho zizewe 100%.
- Amategeko akeneye guhinduka: Mu bihugu byinshi ntizemerewe gutwarwa mu muhanda rusange.
- Ishobora kunanirwa mu bihe bidasanzwe: Nko mu mvura nyinshi, imihanda itameze neza, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije.
Ikindi twavuga ni uko imodoka za AI zibona impanuka mu gihe kigufi cyane kandi zifata ibyemezo vuba, kuko zikoresha camera, LIDAR, radar, na AI kugira ngo zibone ibintu mu muhanda mu gihe cya vuba cyane, bityo zifate icyemezo cyo guhagarara cyangwa gukata mu gihe hagiye kuba impanuka .
Izo modoka kandi zirimo ikoranabuhanga rireba kure nk’uko twabivuze hejuru, ziba ziteguye gukemura ibibazo byo mu bwonko (ethical dilemmas), aho zigomba guhitamo hagati yo gukiza abayirimo cyangwa abari hanze yayo .
Gusa nanone, abakoze iri koranabuhanga bavuga ko uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo buracyakorwaho ubushakashatsi, hanakoreshwa modèle zitandukanye zigamije kugabanya ingaruka mu buryo bwiza .
Imodoka za AI ni imwe mu ntambwe ikomeye isi yagezeho mu ikoranabuhanga. Uko imyaka ishira niko zishobora guhindura burundu uburyo abantu batwara ibinyabiziga, bityo bikaba byagabanya impanuka, umunaniro, no kwanduza ikirere.
Nubwo hari imbogamizi zitararangira, nka tekiniki zidatunganye neza, amategeko, n’ibibazo by’umutekano mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ibikorwaremezo bidahagije, icyerekezo cy’isi y’ejo gisa n’aho cyerekeza ku modoka ziyobora zonyine.
Icyitonderwa: Ibiri muri iyi nkuru byakusanyijwe na chatgpt, yifashishije imbuga zitandukanye zitanga amakuru mpamo nka: digitaltrends na medium.com
