Mu mibereho ya buri munsi, cyane cyane mu buzima bwa kaminuza no mu bushakashatsi, abantu bakunze kuvanga inyito nka Ph.D., Dr., Prof., na Professor. Nyamara buri kimwe gifite ibisobanuro byacyo, bityo ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa neza aho bitandukaniye.
Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)
Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Oxford University mu nyandiko zayo, Ph.D. ni impamyabumenyi ihanitse ya kaminuza (doctorate) itangwa nyuma yo gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi bushya.
Uwiga Ph.D. akora ubushakashatsi mu ishami ryihariye ry’ubumenyi, agasoza yanditse igitabo kinini cy’ubushakashatsi (thesis cyangwa dissertation).
Ph.D. ishobora kuba mu masomo atandukanye: ubumenyi bwa siyansi, indimi, ubukungu, amateka, ubuvuzi n’ibindi. Kubona Ph.D. bisobanura ko umuntu yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu bushakashatsi no kwigisha.
Dr. (Doctor)
Ijambo Dr. ni izina ry’icyubahiro rikoreshwa ku muntu ufite impamyabumenyi ya doctorate, harimo na Ph.D. Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko za Cambridge Dictionary, umuntu wese ubonye Ph.D. ashobora kwitwa Dr. izina rye rigakurikiraho.
Ariko nanone, abaganga bize ubuvuzi nabo bakunze kwitwa Dr. nubwo atari bose bafite Ph.D. Bivuze ko Dr. ari inyito rusange, ishobora kwerekeza ku mpamyabumenyi zisumbuye cyangwa ku mwuga w’ubuganga.
Prof. (Professor)
Prof. ni impine y’ijambo Professor. Iyo abantu bandika amazina mu buryo bugufi cyangwa mu nyandiko zemewe, bashobora gukoresha Prof. nk’uko tubibona mu nyandiko za akademike zitandukanye. Urugero: Prof. Jean Ndayisenga bisobanura Professor Jean Ndayisenga.
Professor
Ijambo Professor ryerekeye umwanya cyangwa icyubahiro cyihariye muri kaminuza. Nk’uko Harvard University ibisobanura, kugira ngo umuntu abe Professor bisaba kuba afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse nka Ph.D., ariko bikanasaba kuba yaranyuze mu nzego zitandukanye za kaminuza, yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwinshi, kandi yasohoye inyandiko (publications) zifite ireme.
Professor rero ni umwanya wo ku rwego rwo hejuru uhabwa umwarimu wa kaminuza ukomeye mu kwigisha no mu bushakashatsi. Si buri wese ufite Ph.D. witwa Professor, ahubwo bisaba inzira ndende yo gukora ubushakashatsi, no kugaragaza ubushobozi.
Muri macye twavuga ko :
- Ph.D.: Impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bushakashatsi.
- Dr.: Inyito y’icyubahiro ku muntu ufite doctorate cyangwa ku muganga.
- Prof.: Impine y’ijambo Professor.
- Professor: Umwanya wo hejuru muri kaminuza, utangwa ku muntu wagaragaje ubushakashatsi n’ubushobozi bwo kwigisha.
Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’amashuri makuru nka Oxford na Harvard, bidufasha guha agaciro abayafite no gusobanukirwa neza umusanzu wabo mu burezi n’ubushakashatsi.
