Namrata Nangia n’umugabo we bamaze igihe bibaza niba bazabyara undi mwana nyuma y’imyaka itanu bibarutse umwana wabo wa mbere.
Ariko buri gihe bibaza iki kibazo: ‘Tuzabona ubushobozi?’
Namrata aba i Mumbai akora muri farumasi y’imiti, umugabo we akora muri kompanyi y’amapine. Ariko igiciro cyo kurera umwana umwe ubwacyo kiri hejuru cyane amafaranga y’ishuri, imodoka (bus) imujyana kw’ishuri, amasomo ye yo kwiga koga, yewe no kumuvuza birahenze.
Iby’ubu bitandukanye n’igihe Namrata yakuraga. Ati: “Twe twajyaga ku ishuri gusa, nta kintu cyabaga kirenzeho, ariko uyu munsi ugomba kohereza umwana kwiga koga, kwiga gushushanya, ugomba kumushakira ikindi akora”.
Raporo nshya y’Ishami rya ONU ryita ku myororokere y’abaturage ku isi (UNFPA/FNUAP) ivuga ko ibisa n’ubuzima bwa Namrata birimo kugenda biboneka cyane ku isi hose.
UNFPA ubu yafashe umurongo ukomeye ku igabanuka ry’abatuye isi, iburira ko miliyoni amagana z’abantu ubu batabasha kubyara umubare w’abana bifuza, kubera igiciro cy’ubuzima, igiciro cyo kurera, kubura uwo mwubakana nyawe, nka zimwe mu mpamvu zivugwa.
UNFPA yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu 14,000 mu bihugu 14 ku bushake bwabo mu byo kwibaruka. Umwe kuri batanu avuga ko adafite cyangwa atazigera abyara umubare w’abane yifuza.
Ibihugu babukoreyemo – Africa y’Epfo, Nigeria, Korea y’Epfo, Thailand, Ubutaliyani, Hungary, Ubudage, Sweden, Brazil, Mexico, USA, Ubuhinde, Indonesia, na Morocco bigize kimwe cya gatatu cy’abatuye isi.
Ni ibihugu bitandukanye mu mikoro kandi bitandukanye no mu gipimo cy’imbyaro. UNFPA yavuganye n’abantu bageze igihe cyo kubyara hamwe n’abarengeje igihe cy’uburumbuke.
Dr Natalia Kanem ukuriye UNFPA ati: “Isi yatangiye ibihe by’igipimo cyo kumanuka kw’imbyaro kitigeze kibaho mbere.
“Benshi mu babajijwe bifuza abana babiri cyangwa hejuru yabo.
“Gusa ibipimo by’uburumbuke birimo kumanuka cyane kuko benshi bumva batakibashije kubaka imiryango bifuza. Icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye”.
Anna Rotkirch inzobere mu ishami ry’ubumenyabantu (demographics) wakoze ubushakashatsi ku byifuzo ku mbyaro i Burayi, akaba n’umujyanama wa leta ya Finland kuri politike z’abantu n’umubare wabo, avuga ko “aka ari akaga nyakuri”.
Ati: “Muri rusange hariho ukugabanuka kurusha ukwiyongera kw’abantu”. Ibi yabikozeho ubushakashatsi i Burayi kandi arifuza kubukora ku rwego rw’isi.
Yatunguwe kandi n’uburyo 31% mu basubije mu bushakashatsi bwe bamubwiye ko bafite abana bacye ugereranyije n’abo bifuza.
Ubushakashatsi bwa UNFPA bwo buvuga ko mu bihugu byose bwakorewemo, 39% by’ababajijwe bavuze ko imbogamizi y’ubushobozi ari yo ibabuza kubyara.
Igipimo kinini kuri iyo mbogamizi, 58%, cyabonetse muri Korea y’Epfo, igito cyane, 19%, muri Sweden.
Muri rusange, 12% ni bo bavuze ko bahuye n’ubugumba cyangwa ibibazo byo gusama/gutwita nk’impamvu yo kutabyara umubare w’abana bifuza.
“Iyi ni inshuro ya mbere [ONU] ishyize imbaraga [mu bushakashatsi bwagutse] ku kibazo cyo kugabanuka kw’imbyaro”, nk’uko bivugwa na Prof Stuart Gietel-Basten inzobere muri ‘demographics’ yo muri Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
Kugeza vuba aha UNFPA yashyiraga imbaraga mu buzima bw’imyororokere ku bagore bafite abana benshi kurusha abo bakeneye hamwe no kuboneza urubyaro.
Ariko n’ubundi iri shami rya ONU riraburira isi kwitondera igisubizo gihutiyeho ku kibazo kigaragazwa n’iyi raporo nshya, kuko igisubizo kititondewe gishobora gutera kongera imbyaro mu buryo butateganyijwe.
Mu kuvuga ko ibihugu bigomba kwitondera politike zabyo zigendanye no kugabanya cyangwa kongera imbyaro Dr Natalia Kanem atanga ingero z’aho byateje ingorane.
Avuga ko mu myaka 40 ishize Ubushinwa, Korea, Ubuyapani, Thailand na Turkiya hose bari bafite ubwoba bw’abaturage bakababije kuba benshi. Ariko mu 2015 ibi bihugu byifuzaga kongera igipimo cy’imbyaro.
Byinshi muri ibyo bihugu ubu bigowe no gushishikariza abaturage babyo kubyara ngo byongere bigire ikizere cyo kugira abaturage bakiri bato, bashoboye gukora no guteza imbere ibihugu byabo.
Prof Gietel-Basten ati: “Turifuza kugerageza ibishoboka ngo ibihugu bidafata ingamba zihutiyeho kubera ubwoba.
“Turimo kubona kugabanuka k’uburumbuke, abaturage bashaje, n’abaturage batiyongera bikoreshwa muri politike zirwanya abimukira na politike z’ubuhezanguni ku myororokere”.
Gusa indi mbogamizi UNPFA yabonye mu kubyara kurusha n’ubushobozi, ni ukubura igihe. Ibi ni ukuri kuri Namrata i Mumbai.
Amara nibura amasaha atatu ari mu nzira ajya anava ku kazi.
Agera mu rugo ananiwe cyane ariko kandi anashaka kumarana umwanya n’umukobwa we. Umuryango we ntubona ibitotsi bihagije.
Namrata ati: “Nyuma y’umunsi w’akazi, usanga wishinja ko utabasha kubona umwanya uhagije wo kwita k’umwana wawe.
“Ni yo mpamvu tugiye kwita kuri uyu umwe”.
@BBC
