Dr. Munyemana Sosthène ushinjwa uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, yabwiye Urukiko ko nawe muri Jenoside yari afite ubwoba bwo kwicwa n’interahamwe azira ko yari yarashatse Umututsikazi.
Urubanza rwa Dr. Munyemana Sosthène w’imyaka 68 y’amavuko ruri kubera, mu rukiko rwa rubanda rw’i Paris (Cour d’Assises de Paris) rurarimbanije Kuva tariki 14 Ugushyingo 2023. Akurikiranyweho ibyaha birimo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside mu Mujyi wa Butare cyane cyane mu bitaro bya Kaminuza aho ashinjwa kwica abana n’abagore, gufungira Abatutsi mu cyumba cy’ibiro bya Segiteri Tumba no gutoranyamo abajyanwaga kwicwa. Ashinjwa kandi icyaha cyo gukwirakwiza imbunda yahawe n’uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa guverinoma yiyise iy’abatabazi, Kambanda Jean.
Kuri uyu wa 14 Ukuboza 2023, urubanza rwaranzwe no kubaza Munyemana, ku bijyanye n’ibyo yavuze kuva mu ibazwa ndetse n’ubuhamya bwagiye bumutangwaho.
Umwunganizi mukuru wa Munyemana, Me Florence Bourg yamusabye gusobanura uko byagenzwe umunsi bamuzanira urufunguzo rwa Segiteri Tumba.
Munyemana: Tariki 22/4/1994 nibwo namenye ko abantu ba mbere bishwe. Tariki 23/4, ahagana saa tanu haje umuntu ntazi na gato, arambwira ati nkuzaniye urufunguzo mpawe na Bwanakeye(Yari konseye wa Segiteri Tumba), rwari muri enveloppe. Nahise ndufata mpita nzamuka njye kuri segiteri. Nahasanze abicaye, abahagaze bahunze, hari Interahamwe zicecetse, n’imihoro yazo ariko ubona zibareba nabi.
Nkihagera sinavugishije abahunze cyangwa interahamwe, navuze muri rusange ko ‘nzanye urufunguzo mpawe na Bwanakeye ngo mfungurire abahunze binjire.’ Ntabwo interahamwe zangiriye nabi ariko wabonaga zirakaye.
Rwari urubyiruko nk’urw’imyaka 20-25, nta bimenyetso nabonye ko wenda baba babanje kunywa inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge.
Mu maso y’impunzi wabonye ziruhukije, ariko interahamwe ubona ko …Ubwo nafunguraga nahamaze nk’iminota 20 kuko sinashakaga kuhaguma ngo bitaza kubyara ibindi bibazo wenda bagashaka nanone ko nafungura ngo babakuremo kuko muri ako kanya ntabwo abicanyi bari bafite gitangira.
Iyo mvuga ibiro bya segiteri ntabwo mba mvuga gusa inzu, ahubwo ni iyo zone yose bifatanye. Bivuze ngo abaguye kuri segiteri ari abashyinguwe muri ibyo byobo biri aho hafi. Abo nafungiranye muri segiteri bagaragazaga kwiruhutsa kuko mbakuye mu biganza by’abicanyi. Ubwo Bwanakeye yahageraga, abo nari nafunguriye bari bahari.
Ubwo nafunguraga kuri segiteri mu nshuro 4 naramubwiraga bityo na we akazahanyura bucyeye. Iyo yazaga yazaga mu modoka ye, agatumaho ba resiponsabule buri wese agatanga ishusho y’ibiri kubera aho bayobora. Akenshi basubizaga ibintu bimwe ko abantu bakiri kwica, umwanzuro ukaba uw’uko abantu bafungiye kuri segiteri baba baretse gusubira iwabo. N’abicanyi babaga bahari kuko bari mu baturage nk’abandi bose.
Abantu bari barahungiye muri segiteri babaga babagemurira bakabinyuza mu idirishya ryari ryaramenetse ikirahuri bakabinyuzamo.
Hari ubwo nabonaga abicwa hafi y’iwanjye nkumva umutima wanjye urandya, sinari nzi ko bizagera ku rwego byagezeho, abantu nakinguriye segiteri bajya kwihishamo nari mfite umutima wo kubakiza si uwo kubaroha. Ikibazo kimwe inshuro 200 nyamara wacanganyikirwa, iyi strategy ni mbi.
Abantu bose nakinguriye binjira muri segiteri nta n’umwe wahavuye ajya kwicwa. Gutunga urufunguzo cyari igitekerezo cya Bwanakeye wabinsabye kuko atari atuye hafi aho, kurumpa byari mu rwego rwo gukiza impunzi.
Kuba hari ababa barambonanye urufunguzo kandi ntari konseye bakibaza impamvu n’aho nakuye ubwo bubasha, ndetse bakumva ko ndi mu mugambi w’abicaga muri icyo gihe nkaba nabaye mu bayobozi, byashoboka simbizi babitekereza uko bashaka, ariko ukuri kwanjye ni uko ntari muri ubwo bwicanyi. Ubwo nabaga mfungurira abinjira nabaga ncungacunga niba hafi aho nta bicanyi bahari. Igihe cyose nageze kuri segiteri nta maraso nahasanze mu cyumba impunzi zafungirwagamo.
Avuga ko muri make abantu yafunguriye ari abo uyasangaga kuri Segiteri bakikijwe n’interahamwe akabafungurira.
Perezida: Kuki wabafunguriraga ngo bajyemo se kandi uzi ko bicwagwa? Munyemana: Ntabwo nari mbizi rwose. Namenye nyuma ko baza kubakuramo bakabica.
Perezida: Kuki mwabafungiranye?
Munyemana: Si ukubafungirana hari ukubahisha, kuko ubwo haba habayeho ‘traduction’ itariyo kuko gufunga ni ikindi.
N’ubwo Munyemana avuga ibi, hari umwe mu batangabuhamya wavuze ko ibiro bya segiteri yari nka ‘transit’, atazi niba yavuga ko ari ubuhungiro. Yaravuze ati “Hari ubwo twari turimo turi abantu bagera ku 10, ariko ntabwo numvaga ko turinzwe. Ntabwo rwose hari ahantu ho guhungira, hari harinzwe, yari inzira y’urupfu. Tuvuze ko yari nka ‘transit’ cyangwa ko twari dufunze byaba ari ukoroshya uko byari bimeze, urupfu rwazaga urubona.”
Perezida: Mwigeze mwumva abatabaza cyangwa urusaku r’imbunda? Y
Munyemana: Yego ariko bitari iby’i Tumba.
Perezida: Abantu baje kuri Segiteri bari bangahe bari ba nde?
Munyemana: Ntabwo nari mbazi, bari abagore, abana, abagabo, yari imiryango imiryango bageraga nko kiri 25.
Perezida: Abantu baje mu nama n’abari bafunze bose bakurikiye inama?
Munyemana: Yego, twese twari muri salle mu nama.
Perezida: Iyo nama imaze kurangira byagenze bite? Bwanakeye yakoze iki?
Munyemana: Yahise agenda, ajyana n’imodoka ya komini. Ku nshuro ya mbere ndabyibuka kuko Bwanakeye yahamagariye iwanjye, avugana na Burugumesitiri, bamaze kuvugana ajya kuri segiteri gutegereza imodoka ya komini.
Iyo mbitekerejeho, hari ubwo numva ‘debat’ itaragenze nenza, ntabwo twakoze inama neza, hari ibyo mbona twagomyeho. Aha aravuga ku nama n’ibyayivugiwemo bijyanye no kwicungira umutekano.
Perezida: Ese amadirishya ya segiteri yanganaga ate?
Munyemana: Sinabyibuka neza, gusa yariho ‘grillages’ harimo n’igirishya ryamenetse, akaba ariryo bakoresha bahereza ibiryo abarimo, batigaragaje hanze.
Inyangamugayo: Abo bantu bari muri segiteri bari barinzwe n’interahamwe?
Munyemana: Oya. Ariko hafi aho habaga bariyeri ariyo mpamvu bahababonaga buri munsi bakumva ko ari abarinze segiteri
Inyangamugayo: Kugeza ubu sinumva impamvu watekereje gushyira abo bantu muri segiteri, harimo nawe no kwigaragaza ?
Munyemana: Kwigaragaza numvaga ko iyo ari igikorwa kiza nti wenda aba bazarokoka, sinitaye ku ngaruka nishyiragaho.
Bamwe mu batangabuhamya bavuga ko Abatutsi bafungiranwe muri Segiteri na Munyemana bari babayeho nabi, nta mazi nta biryo. Munyemana akavuga ko hari umugore wari utuye imbere ya Segiteri yari yarasabye kujya abagemurira.
Inyangamugayo zamubajije niba we ubwe yaba yarabashyiriye n’icupa ry’amazi, Munyemana asubiza ko ayo mazi yari amasi y’isoko, wagombaga kuvoma, ukayateka mbere yo kuyanywa. Ibi ntabyo yabashije gukora kuko ngo yagombaga kwita ku bana be batatu no ku bantu bari barahungiye iwe.
Perezida: Nyuma yo gushyirwa muri segiteri habayeho ukuza kw’ikamyoneti abari baje guhungira iwawe waba warababwiye ngo bajye muri iyo kamyoneti?
Munyemana: Oya ntaho bihuriye, abo bari bamaze kugera iwanjye mu muryango wabo.
Perezida: Ariko abo bari bahakuwe bajyanywe kuri komine? aho kubagumana ndumva wari kubaha Leta nk’abandi, kuko nawe wari kuba wikuriyeho umugogoro, ni ibyo numvaga wari gukora bindi mu mutwe.
Munyemana: Ibyo ni ibyo witekerereza ariko abantu bo mu muryango wanjye ntabwo nari kubikuraho.
Perezida: Iyo uvuze ngo watekerezaga ko bashobora kwicwa, ukongera ngo ni Abatutsi bari guhigwa, ukongera ngo nanjye narahigwaga, ubihuza ute?
Munyemana: Nanjye natekerezaga ko nshobora kwicwa, kugeza aho natekereje guha abana banjye adresse ya nyina mu Bufaransa ngo bazahamusange nindamuka nishwe. Ntabwo umuntu wari muri segiteri namugereranya nanjye wari hanze. Oya. Ndumva ububabare bari bafite, sinakwigereranya nabo. Iyo nibutse ibyabaye….
Perezida: Ni ibiki?
Munyemana: Hari ubwo nibuka ubwo interahamwe zaje iwanjye nyuma yo kwandika ya baruwa (ntitwashoboraga kubibabwira), ariko nkurikije ibyo umu ‘pscychologue’ yavuze ko kuvuga nabyo ari byiza, vuba aha nibwo nabivuganye n’umukobwa wanjye, mubwira kuri scene y’uwo munsi, mubwira ko interahamwe yamupfukamishije, ikanahamagara umukozi wanjye wari umututsikazi, irababwira ati ‘nyoko yarabataye kuko yari azi ibyari bigiye kubaho, muri abatutsi mwebwe, n’uyu mukozi wanyu’ Aho bari babapfukamishije, bari batangiye kumukandagiraho, nuko ndahagera nsanga babazengurutse, ndababwira ngo uwo ni umwana wanjye. Bo bari banzi
Perezida: Hari ijambo wigeze kuvuga ngo hari ibyo nagiye ntekereza nyuma, aho nyuma ni ryari? Wari warageze hano mu Bufaransa? Cyangwa?
Munyemana: Sinigeze nibaza ibyo bintu, ntangiye kwiga kuri uru rubanza nibwo natangiye kwibaza uko biba byaragenze.
Perezida: Wavuye mu Rwanda, ujya Congo, uragenda uragendaaa, ugera hano aho hose ntiwari warigeze usubira inyuma ngo utekereze?
Munyemana: Ntabwo nigeze mbitekereza, abantu benshi ntabwo nari mbazi, n’abari muri Segiteri sinari mbazi.
Perezida: Wavuze uti aba bantu bari bagoswe n’interahamwe, nyuma hakazanwa abandi abandi ukabirebera[…] Abantu barazanwaga, bakajyana kwicwa, ukaza wowe ugafungura bakinjira, aho huzuye interahamwe? Iyo wafungiranaga abantu watwaraga urufunguzo, kuki utagerageje kureba ko interahamwe zagiye ngo ubafungurire bagende?
Munyemana: Nakoze ibyo nari navuganye na Bwanakeye, ko tubashyira muri segiteri, sinigeze ntekereza kuvuga ngo nshobora kuza kubafungurira bakigendera (kuko bari banizanye), ariko bashoboraga gusubira aho bari bihishe[…]Nagiraga icyizere.
Urubanza rurakomeje …
Twabibutsa ko inkuru ku manza z’abaregwa Jenoside baburanira mu nkiko zo hanze y’u Rwanda kuri ubu abanyamakuru bo mu Rwanda bazigeraho ku bufatanye bw’Umuryango Nyarwanda w’Abanyamakuru baharanira amahoro ‘Pax Press’ n’Umuryango w’Ababiligi utari uwa Leta uharanira Ubutabera na Demokarasi ( RCN Justice and Democracy).
Yanditswe na Emma-Marie Umurerwa
