Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), yamuritse igitabo kiri mu Kinyarwanda, Icyongereza n’Igifaransa, cyashingiye ku bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo ibikorwa byaganishije kuri Jenoside byari byarateguwe kuva kera.
Duhereye ku ijambo ry’ibanze ry’iki gitabo, tuzabagezaho n’ibindi bice bitandukanye bikigize.
“Iyi nyandiko ikubiyemo ibice bitanu, igice cya mbere gisobanura bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuva muri 1991 no mu myaka yakurikiyeho kugeza tariki ya 7 Mata, 1994.
Igice cya kabiri cyerekana uburyo Jenoside yashyizwe mu bikorwa. Igice cya gatatu cyerekana uruhare rwa bamwe mu bari bagize Leta y’abicanyi, igice cya kane cyerekana umwihariko w’abaganga n’abandi bakozi bo mu bitaro mu kurimbura Abatutsi. igice cya gatanu cyerekana uburyo Umuryango w’Abibumbye watinze kwemeza ko mu Rwanda hari Jenoside irimo gukorerwa Abatutsi, nyuma ukaza kubyemeza nyuma y’impaka nyinshi.
Ntabwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ari impanuka cyangwa ngo iterwe n’ihanuka ry’indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana, ahubwo ni umugambi wari warateguwe igihe kirekire.
Abateguye Jenoside kandi bagiye banabyivugira mu ruhame, urugero ni Colonel Bagosora Theoneste, muri Mutarama 1993, wari mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda mu nama i Arusha hemejwe igice cy’amasezerano y’amahoro kirebana no gusaranganya ubutegetsi, ntiyemeye ibyavuyemo, yasohotse arakaye aravuga ngo “Ndatashye ngiye gutegura imperuka”. Colonel Bagosora akimara kugaruka i Kigali avuye Arusha, yakoresheje inama zitandukanye na bagenzi be b‘intagondwa, bashinga Ishyirahamwe ry’abicanyi mu ngabo z’u Rwanda baryita AMASASU, rikaba ryarabaye ku isonga yo gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu ngabo z’u Rwanda no gukangurira abasilikare kutazemera kubana n’Inkotanyi, ahubwo bakitegura kurimbura Abatutsi kuko ngo
Hagiye hakorwa ubwicanyi bwa hato na hato hagati ya 1991 na 1994. Muri Werurwe 1991 hishwe Abatutsi 277 muri Komini zitandukanye zo muri Perefegitura za Ruhengeri (Nkuli, Kinigi, Mukingo) na Gisenyi (Gaseke, Giciye, Karago, Mutura, Kanama, Rwerere).
Ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 04 rishyira iry’iya 05 Werurwe 1992 ryaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bukomeye bw’Abatutsi barenga 500 mu Bugesera. Ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n’Interahamwe zifatanyije n’abasirikare barindaga umukuru w’Igihugu n’abasirikare bo mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Gako. Komine ya Mbogo, kuri ubu Akarere ka Rulindo, yahuye n’ubwicanyi bukabije bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1992 na 1993.
Abanyamahanga barwanyaga umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi barishwe
Leta ya Habyarimana yishe n’abanyamahanga barwanyaga umugambi we wo kurimbura Abatutsi: urugero ni Antonia Locatelli wakomokaga mu Butaliyani, wari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cyigisha imyuga iciriritse (CERAI) cya Nyamata, yishwe mu ijoro ryo ku itariki 9 rishyira itariki ya 10 Werurwe 1992 arashwe n’umujandarume Epimaque Ulimubenshi. Yazize kumvikanisha uburemere bw’ubwicanyi bwari burimo gukorerwa Abatutsi kuri Radio Mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa (RFI).
Bimwe mu binyamakuru by’intagondwa nabyo byagize uruhare mu kubiba urwango rw’Umututsi, nk’ibyitwaga Interahamwe, Kangura, Kamarampaka, La Médaille Nyiramacibiri, Echos des Mille Collines, Umurwanashyaka, RTLM n’ibindi, byakwirakwije urwango n’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside.
Urugero, ku itariki ya 27 Mutarama 1994, RTLM yanyujijeho ibiganiro bibi bihamagarira Abahutu bose kwishyira hamwe bakarwana kugeza ku wa nyuma ngo kuko abasilikare ba ONU b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR bari bafite umugambi wo gutanga igihugu bagiha Abatutsi.
Mitingi y’amashyaka ya Hutu power zashishikarizaga kwanga Umututsi zanatangiwe mo intwaro yo kwica Abatutsi, nko muri mitingi yabaye i Kigali muri Mutarama 1994 hatangiwe intwaro nyinshi zahawe aba Power bose bo mu mashyaka ya MRND, CDR, MDR, PSD, PDC na PL.
Abaturage bahawe imyitozo n’ intwaro
Muri Gashyantare 1992, hashyizweho ishyaka ryiyise Coalition pour la défense de la République (CDR) (mu kinyarwanda baryitaga «Impuzamugambi Ziharanira Repubulika») ryagize
uruhare runini cyane mu bukangurambaga bwa Jenoside, haba mu kuyitegura no gushishikariza Abahutu gushyira hamwe bakica Abatutsi. Iryo shyaka ryashyizweho n’agatsiko k’intagondwa z’Abahutu b’intiti bakoraga mu buyobozi bw’inzego zitandukanye za Leta bakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, bari bahujwe n’urwango ku Batutsi.
Muri Mutarama 1992, hashyizweho Komite iyobora ibikorwa bya Auto-defense civile yagombaga gukurikirana ibikorwa byo guha abaturage intwaro n’imyitozo ya gisilikare.
Kandi hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na Werurwe 1994, haguzwe toni 581 z’imihoro zinjijwe mu Rwanda, iyo mihoro yakwirakwijwe mu baturage ikoreshwa Jenoside.
Inzego z’iperereza z’u Rwanda zategetse guha urubyiruko intwaro n’imyitozo ya gisilikare. Ku itariki 18 Werurwe 1991, umuyobozi w’ibiro by’iperereza muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Munyangoga Eugène, yanditse raporo ikubiyemo igitekerezo cyo guha intwaro abaturage bo muri iyo Perefegitura, kandi ko muri Ruhengeri ariho hakwiye gutangirira icyo gikorwa, hanyuma baramuka babonye ko kigenda neza kigakwizwa mu yandi ma Perefegitura yose y`Urwanda, uhereye ku yegereye imipaka y’amajyaruguru n’iburasirazuba, ni ukuvuga Gisenyi, Byumba na Kibungo.
Iyi gahunda yarafashe kuko Interahamwe n’impuzamugambi zari zihujwe no kwanga Abatutsi zashinzwe hose mu gihugu, zihabwa imyitozo ya gisilikare n’intwaro, bityo zifatanya n’abasilikare n’abajandarume gutsemba Abatutsi hose mu gihugu.
Nta gushidikanya ko Habyarimana atari ashishikajwe n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, kuko ukwiyongera kw’intwaro mu gihugu no mu baturage b’Abahutu nta kindi byari bigamije uretse gutsemba Abatutsi n’abageragezaga kuburizamo uwo mugambi.
Ubwicanyi bwabaga buyobowe n’abayobozi bw’ubutegetsibwa Leta
Mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 06 rishyira iya 07 Mata 1994, nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege Falcon 50 yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal nibwo Interahamwe n’abasirikare bo mu umutwe warindaga Perezida Habyarimana batangiye gushyiraho amabariyeri mu duce twinshi tw’Umujyi wa Kigali, no kwica Abatutsi, ubwo bwicanyi bwibasiraga Abatutsi buhita bukwira mu gihugu cyose kuva kuri iyo tariki.
Ubwicanyi bwabaga buyobowe n’abayobozi bw’ubutegetsibwa Leta (ba Minisitiri, ba Perefe, ba Burugumesitiri, ba Konseye ba Komini), Ingabo z’igihugu na Jandarumori.
Mu mugambi wo kwikiza abanyapolitike batavugaga rumwe na Leta ya Habyarimana batari bashyigikiye umugambi wa Jenoside, tariki ya 07 Mata 1994, ku ikubitiro hishwe Minisitiri w’Intebe, Madamu Uwilingiyimana Agathe, Perezida w’Urukiko rushinzwe kurinda Itegeko Nshinga, Kavaruganda Joseph, ba minisitiri baharanira demokarasi nka Frederiko Nzamurambaho, wari na Perezida w’ishyaka PSD, Me. Felicien Ngango, wari Visi Perezida wa PSD n’umugore we Odeta Ubonabenshi, Faustin Rucogoza wari Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru wari mu ishyaka rya MDR mu gice kitari Power, na Landouald Ndasingwa wo mu ishyaka rya PL.
Ubutegetsi bwatanze umurongo w’uko Jenoside igomba gukorwa
Tariki ya 8 Mata 1994, hashyizweho Guverinoma y’Abatabazi, Dr Théodore Sindikubwabo aba Perezida wa Repubulika, na Jean Kambanda aba minisitiri w’intebe.
Iyo guverinoma yari ifite gahunda imwe gusa : gutanga umurongo w’uko Jenoside igomba gukorwa mu gihugu cyose, gutanga intwaro, gukangurira abaturage gukora Jenoside no kuyisobanura mu mahanga. Leta y’abicanyi yakomeje gukangurira abaturage gukora Jenoside.
Tariki ya 18/4/1994, abagize Leta y’abicanyi barimo Edouard Karemera, wagombaga kuba minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu baje i Gitarama gushishikariza abaturage gukora Jenoside.
Kuri uwo munsi Perezida Théodore Sindikubwabo yagiye ku Gikongoro akorana inama n’abategetsi ba Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, hategurwa uko Jenoside igomba gukorwa IKaduha, i Murambi, mu Cyanika no muri Perefegitura yose ya Gikongoro. Avuye ku Gikongoro, Sindikubwabo yagiye ku biro bya Komini Nyakizu (Butare) ashishikariza abicanyi gutangira Jenoside.
Ibyo bikorwa byogushishikariza abaturage gukora Jenoside Sindikubwabo yabikoreraga mu ruhame, aho abaturage babaga baje kumwumva, bateguwe n’abategetsi ba Komini.
Itariki 21 mata 1994 niwo munsi wishweho Abatutsi benshi icyarimwe mu gihugu. Havugwa Abatutsi basaga 50,000 biciwe i Murambi (Nyamagabe, Gikongoro), abasaga 35,000 biciwe kuri Paruwasi gatorika ya Cyanika, Nyamagabe, n’abasaga 47,000 biciwe kuri Paruwasi gatorika ya Kaduha, Nyamagabe.
Guverinoma y’abicanyi yakomeje gushaka uburyo yagura intwaro zo gukoresha ku rugamba no kwica Abatutsi. Muri politiki yayo yo gutsemba Abatutsi hakoreshejwe icyiswe “auto-defense civile”, gahunda ngome yo kwinjiza abaturage benshi b’Abahutu mu bwicanyi , ikaba yaratanzwemo intwaro ndetse n’amafranga kugira ngo kwica Abatutsi byihutishwe bityo aho FPR izajya igera hose ijye isanga Abatutsi barashize.
Mu gihe Guverinoma y’abicanyi yarimo itsindwa ku rugamba, yakoze uko ishoboye kugira ngo yihutishe ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu turere yagenzuraga.
Kugira ngo bigerweho vuba, Minisitiri w’intebe Jean Kambanda yashinze buri mu Minisitiri akarere yagombaga gukurikirana akagenzura ko Abatutsi batsembwa nkuko byari byarateguwe.
Muri bo hari abagize uruhare runini m’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside mu turere bavukamo, nka Nyiramasuhuko Pauline muri Butare, Karemera Edouard na Niyitegeka Eliezer ku Kibuye, Nzabonimana Callixte i Gitarama, Ngirabatware Augustin ku Gisenyi, n’abandi.
Guverinoma y’abicanyi yakajije ingamba zo gutsemba Abatutsi ishyiraho za komite zari zishinzwe ubwo bwicanyi, bihereye mu guhisha ibimenyetso byabwo, nko gusenya amazu no kuzimanganya imibiri y’Abatutsi bishwe.
Ni mu rwego rwo gutsemba Abatutsi bari bakiriho, Inama ya Guverinoma yo ku wa 17 Kamena 1994 yemeje ko Abatutsi bo mu Bisesero, bari bamaze amezi abiri arenga bahanganye n’abicanyi, bagomba kwicwa ku buryo bwihuse.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubwo bwicanyi ryarihutishijwe ku buryo bwose bushoboka bikozwe na Guverinoma ya Kambanda n’abasilikare bayo.
Abatutsi biciwe mu maso y’ingabo z’Abafaransa
Abatutsi mu Bisesero bari bakiriho basaga 2000 biciwe mu maso y’abasirikare b’abafaransa bari bakambitse muri ako karere ka Gishyita ntibagira icyo bakora ngo babatabare.
Abasirikare ba operasiyo Turquoise bagize imyifatire mibi, nko mu nkambi za Murambi na Nyarushishi bitwaga ko barinze birimo kureka Interahamwe n’abasirikare bagashimuta Abatutsi bajya kubica no gufata ku ngufu abakobwa n’abagore b’abatutsikazi bari mu nkambi z’impunzi.
Kimwe mu biranga ubukana bwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994, nuko nta hantu na hamwe abicanyi batakoreye Jenoside, haba muri za Kiliziya, mu nsengero no mu mavuriro.
Ikiremereye kurushaho nuko na bamwe mu bari bashinzwe kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu, harimo abaganga babirahiriye mu mwuga wabo, aribo babaye ku isonga yo gukora Jenoside, cyane cyane mu bitaro, mu bigo nderabuzima no mu mavuriro.
Abaganga 59 bakoze Jenoside
Benshi mu baganga, abaforomo n’abakozi b’ibitaro n’ibigo nderabuzima bishe Abatutsi bari bahahungiye, abandi bagiye mu bitero no gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica. Ubu bwicanyi bwakorewe hose mu Rwanda.
Mu gihugu hose, umubare w’abaganga bamenyekanye bakoze Jenoside ni mirongo itanu n’icyenda (59), harimo makumyabiri na batanu (25) bakoreye Jenoside mu Mujyi wa Butare.
Naho umubare wose w’abaforomo n’abakozi bo mu bitaro no mu bigo nderabuzima bakoze Jenoside bashoboye kumenyekana ni mirongo irindwi na bane (74), harimo mirongo itatu n’umwe (31) bakoreye Jenoside mu Mujyi wa Butare.
Operasiyo Turquoise yari igamije gushyiraho « Hutuland »
Ubufaransa bwakomeje gufasha Guverinoma y’abicanyi mu gihe cya Jenoside, bayihaye intwaro kandi Umuryango w’Abibumbye wari warabibujije, Intumwa za gisilikare z’u Rwanda zakiriwe n’abayobozi bakuru mu ngabo z’Ubufaransa bagirana ibiganiro birebana no guhabwa intwaro, nyuma abasirikare b’abafaransa boherezwa muri operasiyo Turquoise bitwikiriye ubutumwa bw’ubutabazi bwari bwabiherewe uruhusa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye , ariko mu byukuri bari baje gutabara Guverinoma yakoraga Jenoside.
Operasiyo Turquoise yari igamije gushyiraho « Hutuland » kandi biragaragara ko iyo operasiyo yaje mu rwego rwo gukomeza guha inkunga ya gisirikare Ubufaransa bwari bwarahaye na mbere kuva muri 1990 Leta y’abicanyi n’ingabo zayo.
ONU yatinze kwemera ko Abatutsi barimo gukorerwa Jenoside
Umuryango w’Abibumbye watinze kwemeza ko Abatutsi mu Rwanda barimo gukorerwa Jenoside.
Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yari yakomeje kwirengagiza ikibazo cya Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi kuva tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ndetse iza no kugabanya ubushobozi buhabwa MINUAR iyisigira gusa abasirikare 250.
Hakomeje impaka z’urudaca, bimwe mu bihugu by’ibihangange, nk’Ubufaransa na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, byanga ko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda bwari Jenoside kandi nyamara byarahabwaga amakuru nyayo.
Tariki ya 25 Gicurasi 1994, Boutros Boutros-Ghali wari umunyamabanga mukuru w’ Umuryango w’ Abibumbye yemeje ko ubwicanyi bubera mu Rwanda ari Jenoside.
Byaje gushimangirwa na René Degni Segui, impuguke ya Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, avuye gukora iperereza mu Rwanda akemeza ko Abatutsi bari mo gukorerwa Jenoside.
Iyi nyandiko irerekana ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe na Leta igihe kirekire, nyuma iyo Leta iyishyira mu bikorwa mu gihugu cyose, yifashishije cyane cyane abayobozi bo mu nzego zitandukanye, ingabo za Leta, imitwe yitwaje intwaro nk’Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi, abaturage b’abasivili bashishikarijwe gutsemba Abatutsi.
Iyi nyandiko iranyomoza kandi abahakanyi ba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakomeje gukwirakwiza ibinyoma byabo birengagije ukuri, kuko igaragaza neza amateka nyayo ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Twizeye ko iyi nyandiko yerekana bimwe mu byaranza itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, izafasha mu kwibuka Jenoside n’inzirakaregane zishwe.
Izaha kandi urubyiruko ubumenyi bugomba kurufasha gusobanukirwa ayo mateka mabi, bityo urwo rubyiruko rushobore gukomeza kubaka u Rwanda mu bumwe no mu mahoro”.
Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène
Photo: New times
