Urukingo ruhendutse rwa malariya rushobora gukorwa ku bwinshi, rwemerewe gutangwa n’ishami rya ONU rishinzwe ubuzima ku isi, OMS. Uru rukiko rukozwe mugihe Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, umuyobozi wa OMS, yavuze ko yigeze kurota “Urukingo rutekanye kandi rukora rwa malariya, none dufite ebyiri.”
Urukingo rwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Oxford (University of Oxford) kandi ni urwa kabiri rwa malariya rutunganyijwe.
Malariya yica cyane cyane impinja n’abana bato, kandi ni kimwe mu byorezo bimaze igihe byugarije inyokomuntu.
Hari amasezerano yo gukora izindi nkingo zirenga miliyoni 100 buri mwaka. Byafashe abahanga muri siyansi imyaka irenga 100 kugira ngo batunganye urukingo rushobora guhashya malariya.
Iyi ndwara iterwa n’uruhuri rw’udukoko, dukwirakwizwa n’imibu iruma ikanyunyuza amaraso. Irakomeye cyane kurenza virusi kubera ko yihisha mu budahangarwa bwacu igakomeza kwiyoberanya no kwihindurira mu mubiri w’umuntu.
Ibyo bituma kugira ubudahangarwa buturutse mu kurwara malariya, ndetse no gukora urukingo rwo kuyirwanya, bigorana. Hashize imyaka hafi ibiri kuva umunsi urukingo rwa mbere rwiswe RTS,S, rwakozwe n’ikigo GSK, rwemewe na OMS.
Inkingo ebyiri zisa
Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, umuyobozi wa OMS, yavuze ko ibi ari “ibyishimo bikomeye”.
Yagize ati: “Nigeze kurota umunsi tuzagira urukingo rutekanye kandi rukora rwa malariya, none dufite ebyiri.”
OMS yavuze ko ugukora kw’izi nkingo ebyiri “gusa cyane” kandi ko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko rumwe rukora neza kurusha urundi.
Cyakora, itandukaniro ry’ingenzi ni ubushobozi bwo gukora ku bwinshi urukingo rwa Kaminuza ya Oxford ruzwi nka R21.
BBC dukesha iyi nkuru yatangaje ko ikigo kinini ku isi mu gukora inkingo cyo mu Buhinde, Serum Institute of India, cyiteguye gukora inkingo zirenga miliyoni 100 ku mwaka kandi giteganya kongera iyo ngano ikagera ku nkingo miliyoni 200 buri mwaka.
Kugeza ubu hari inkingo miliyoni 18 za RTS,S gusa.
OMS yavuze ko urukingo rushya rwa R21 ruzaba “inyongera y’ingenzi cyane”. Buri rukingo rugura hagati y’amadolari ya Amerika 2 na 4 ($2-$4) kandi buri muntu akenera inkingo enye. Icyo kiguzi ni hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’urukingo rwa RTS,S.
Izo nkingo ebyiri zikoresha ikoranabuhanga risa kandi zibasira urwego rumwe rw’ubuzima busa bw’udukoko dutera malariya. Cyakora, urukingo rushya rworoshye gukora kubera ko rusaba ingano nto kandi rugakoresha imiti yo mu rwego rw’ubutabire yoroshye.
Mu mwaka wa 2021, habonetse ubwandu bwa malariya miliyoni 247 kandi abantu ibihumbi 619 barapfuye, benshi ni abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu. 95% by’uburwayi bwa malariya buba ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Ubushobozi bwo gutabara ubuzima
Dr Matshidiso Moeti, umuyobozi wa OMS ku rwego rw’akarere muri Afurika, yagize ati: “Uru rukingo rwa kabiri rufite ubushobozi nyabwo bwo kugabanya icyuho kinini kiri hagati y’ibikenewe n’ingano yabyo.
“Zoherejwe ku bwinshi kandi zigatangwa ku buryo bwaguye, izi nkingo ebyiri zishobora gufasha gukumira malariya, kugenzura no kurinda ubuzima bw’abana babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana.”
Imibare yatangajwe ku rubuga rwa interineti, ariko itaranyuze mu nzira zisanzwe z’igenzurwa mu rwego rwa siyansi, yerekana ko urukingo rwo mu bwoko bwa R21 rukora kuri 75% mu kurinda indwara mu duce malariya iza bitewe n’ibihe by’umwaka.
Inzobere ziri mu itsinda ry’ubujyanama muri OMS zavuze ko iyo mibare yagereranyijwe n’iy’urukingo rwa mbere rwa RTS,S.
Ubushobozi bw’inkingo za malariya buri hasi mu bice aho iyi ndwara iboneka mu gihe cy’umwaka wose.
Prof Sir Adrian Hill, umuyobozi w’ikigo Jenner Institute muri Oxford aho urukingo rwa R21 rwakorewe, yagize ati: “Urukingo rworoshye gutangwa, ku kiguzi kiboneye kandi ruragurika, rukwirakwizwa mu bice rukenewemo kurusha ahandi, ndetse rushobora gutabara ubuzima bubarirwa mu bihumbi amagana buri mwaka.”
Gareth Jenkins, wo mu muryango wo mu Bwongereza ushaka guhashya malayira burundu, Malaria No More UK, yagize ati: “Ukuri ni uko inkunga iterwa mu rwego rwa malariya itari ku rugero rukenewe kandi impfu za buri mwaka ziterwa na malariya zazamutse mu gihe cy’icyorezo [cya Covid-19] kandi ziracyari ku rugero ruri hejuru y’imibare ya mbere y’icyorezo, ubwo rero ntitwakwirara mu gihe ibindi bikoresho [byo kuyirwanya] bishya biri gukorwa.”
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