Umubirigi, Prof Filip Reyntjens, wakoranye bya hafi n’ubutegetsi bwa Juvenal Habyarimana yatanze ubuhamya mu rubanza ruregwamo Abanyarwanda Pierre Basabose na Twahirwa Seraphin alias Cyihebe bashinjwa ibyaha bifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, arangwa no kwivuguruza ku itegurwa Jenoside, uruhare rwa RTLM n’ibindi.
Reyntjens yagiye mu Rwanda bwa mbere mu 1976 hari ‘project’ hagati ya Kaminuza yakoragama n’u Rwanda. Yafashije mu gukora constitution y’u Rwanda mu gihe cya MRND. Mu 1996-1998 yakoranye na TPIR abafasha kumva amateka y’u Rwanda, no kubahuza n’abandi bashobora gusobanura uko u Rwanda rwari rumeze mbere no mu gihe cya Genocide.
Uyu mubiligi yavuze ko Jenoside yatewe n’akaduruvayo k’amoko n’amashyaka menshi. Présidente w’urukiko amubajije ibyo avuze aho bihurira na Jenoside, avuga ko byaturutse kuri ‘echec’ y’amasezerano ya Arusha n’akaduruvayo mu mashyaka.
Urupfu rwa Ndadaye n’ingaruka rwagize ku Rwanda
Avuze ko mu Burundi hamaze gupfa Perezida w’Umuhutu wa mbere byateye umpungenge abahutu bo mu Rwanda, noneho indege irashwe biteza ibindi bibazo by’ubwicanyi mu Rwanda.
Avuga ko FPR iteye u Rwanda muri 1990, we ubwe yavuze ko ari ubushotoranyi. Avuga ku ngoma ya Habyarimana na bwo yanengaga leta ayishinja gufunga Abatutsi barengana abashinja kuba uri ibyitso.
Umucamanza ati “Rero wisubiyeho uhindura uruhande,” we ati “Oya, njyewe narebaga uko ibintu bimeze, ntaho nabogamiraga, ni yo mpamvu n’ubu nkora ku bibi FPR ikora.”
Na we yemeye ko hari ubutumwa bubiba urwango mu Rwanda no mu itangazamakuru nka “Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu muri Kangura”
Aho za RTLM zatambutsaga ubutumwa zibwira abahutu ziti “Nimutica Abatutsi bazabica,” n’ibindi. Yahindukiye avuga ko uruhare rwa RTLM rwo rwabaye ruto birenze ibyo bakeka n’ubwo yabibaga urwango.
Inyangamugayo imubajije gusobanura abo interahamwe bari bo, ubu ni byo arimo gusobanura akabihuza n’imitwe y’urubyiruko rw’andi mashyaka.
Ati “Buri shyaka ryabaga rifite umutwe w’urubyiruko ariko urwo rubyiruko akenshi rwagaragaraga iyo habaga hari imyigaragambyo cyangwa ikindi kibazo. Usibye na MRND, wasangaga buri shyaka rikoresha urubyiruko rwaryo mu kurindi abanyamuryango baryo. Urebye amashyaka yari yaragize urubyiruko ruyagize nk’imitwe yitwaje intwaro iyarinda.”
Ntiyerura ngo yemere ko Jenoside yateguwe
Avuga ko Genocide itangira Abatutsi bafashwe nk’ubwoko bwari burimo gutsembatsembwa ariko byari bigoye gutandukanya interahamwe n’urubyiruko rw’andi mashyaka.
Abajijwe niba Genocide yarateguwe, atanze ibisobanuro bicangacanze bigaragaza ko itateguwe.
Ati “Genocide ntitegurwa yaratangiye ahubwo itegurwa mbere,” aha yashakaga kugaragaza ko mu gihe cya Jenoside hagiye haba inama zo gutegura ubwicanyi[…]Simbihakana ko ishobora kuba yarateguwe, ariko kugeza ubu nta bikorwa byabaye mbere bizwi bigaragaza.”
Yavuze ko Dalaire yohereje fax muri Loni asaba uburenganzira bwo gukiza Abatutsi ariko bikanga. Icyo gihe ngo hari umusirikare mukuru wari umaze kumubwira ko afite ubushobozi bwo kwica Abatutsi 1000 buri munota.
Ati “Wenda ushobora kubiheraho ukavuga ko Jenoside yateguwe, ariko kuri njye no kuri TPIR nta bimenyetso bigaragara bihari.” Reyntjens we avuga ko gusa yemera ko muri 1990-1993 habayeho gutsemba Abatutsi mu bice bya Kigali na Bugesera akavuga ko ariko byari urugomo gusa utakwita Jenoside.
Ku bijyanye n’imihoro avuze ko mu bushakashatsi yakoze, nta na kimenyetso na kimwe yabonye ko habayeho kwiyongera kw’imihoro itumizwa mu mahanga mbere ya Jenoside.
Ati “Umuhoro ni igikoresho cya buri rugo mu Rwanda kifashishwa mu mirimo ya buri munsi.” ibi abivuze abajijwe niba harabayeho gutera inkunga Jenoside.
Abajijwe kuri RTLM , avuga ko ishingwa ari radio yigenga yari ije guhangana na Radio Rwanda nk’uko n’ahandi muri Africa radio zigenga zari zirimo kuvuka, ariko ko umurongo wayo ngenderwa atari ukubiba ubutagondwa mu baturage.
Ati “Abakoragaho babibye urwango si uko bari basangiye ibitekerezo by’ubutagondwa n’abayishinzwe.”
Kuri we ngo Gacaca zazanye “Méta Conflits” asobanura nko kongera amacakubiri. Ati “Zari zuzuyemo ibinyoma.”
Ati “Leta yategetse abantu guta imirimo yari ibatunze umwanya wabo wose bakawumarira mu manza. Abantu bazijyagamo ku ngufu, bigatuma babeshya. Kubera ibi byose, ntabwo Inkiko Gacaca zatanze umusaruro batubwira.”
Inyangamugayo iramubajije iti “Twavuze ku by’imihoro uvuga ko ntaho ihuriye na gutera inkunga Jenoside ariko hari abatangabuhamya batubwiye ko hanakoreshejwe imbunda n’amagrenade, ubwo koko urumva ntawateye inkunga iyo Jenoside?”
Reyntjens avuga ko ari byo rwose hari abaciviles bakoresheje intwaro, n’abajandarume barazikoreshaga.
Cyakora akavuga ko kuva muri 90, Ububiligi bwari bwahagaritse guha intwaro u Rwanda, ati “Ubufaransa ni bwo bwatangaga intwaro, yewe no kugeza mu gihe cya Jenoside. Ariko ntabwo twavuga ko hari abaturage mu Rwanda bateye inkunga Jenoside”.
Na we yemeye ko hari interahamwe z’i Kigali zahawe imbunda zijya no mu myitozo i Gabiro (aha urebye ni karugondihebe bari bamushyizemo kaharagaza preparations za Jenoside).
Mu rubanza rwa mbere rwa Jenoside mu Bubiligi yari yavuze ko ijambo rya Bagosora bakimara guhanura indege ari ryo ryatumye Jenoside itangira. Arasa n’ushaka kubihakana.
Ati “Njyewe navuze ko icyateye Jenoside ari ihanurwa ry’indege. Gusa indege imaze guhanuka, habaye inama y’abasirikare bakuru iyobowe na Bagosora utarizeraga PM Agathe Uwilingiyimana, kubera rero ko Agathe ari we wagombaga guhita asimbura Perezida, Bagosora yarabyanze avuga ko Agathe ari umuntu w’inkotanyi.
Ni bwo Bagosora yahise avugana n’aba GP kureba uko bashyiraho ubutegetsi. Ibi rero bahise babyitiranya n’igihe Bagosora yavuye Arusha avuga ko agiye gutegura apocalypse. Reyntjens muri 1994 we ubwo ngo yari yagaragaje liste y’abagombaga kwicwa,
Avuga ko byigaragazaga bitewe n’uko ibintu byari bimeze ndetse n’ibikomerezwa byari biyoboye amashyaka atavuga rumwe na Leta.
Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwagaragaje ubuhamya Reyntjens yatanze muri 2001 bugaragaza ko Jenoside yateguwe, burimo n’ibyo yivugiye ubu bw’uwavuze ko bari bafite ububasha bwo kwica Abatutsi mu minsi 1000 cyangwa mu minota 20, hakiyongeraho gutsemba abatutsi muri 92-93 yagaragazaga ko byari byateguwe.
“RTLM yari Radio y’imyidagaduro”
Reyntjens ariko akomeje kubihakana avuga ko n’ubwo yabivuze yagaragaje ko ibimenyetso bihagije bigaragaza ko ibyo byari muri cadres ya Jenoside ntabyo yabonye n’ubu ntabyo.
Abajijwe ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya yatanze muri 2001, urubanza rwa mbere rwabereye mu rukiko rwa rubanda rwiswe” urw’Abihayimana” Parti Civil imubajije ukuntu yita RTLM radio y’imyidagaduro kandi azi neza ko na Habyarimana yaguzemo imigabane.
Avuze ko ahamya ko RTLM yashingiwe gufasha Abanyarwanda kwidagadura ariko bidakuraho ko hari bamwe mu banyamigabane bashobora kuba bari bafite agenda yo kwangisha Abatutsi.
Parti Civil imubajije gusobanura “Akazu” ati “C’est une petite maison, ntabwo ari administration.” Avuze ko bakitiriraga ‘umuryango muto w’abantu bahuriye ku by’ubukungu n’ubutegetsi.
Avuga ko nta bantu bahoraho bari bagize akazu, kukabarirwamo byaterwaga n’uko uhagaze mu rwego rw’ubukungu, umwanya ufite mu buyobozi n’ibindi.
Présidente ati “Akazu kakoraga gute,” Reyntjens ati “Urebye nta structure kari gafite, ntikari formal.” Yakomeje avuga amazina y’abantu batandukanye bari bagize akazu harimo n’abacuruzi, abasirikare, abategetsi.
Abajijwe impamvu atajya avuga Jenoside akavuga ‘crimes de guerre, crimes contre l’humanité’.
Avuga ko FPR yavugaga ko atari iy’abatutsi ari iy’abahutu n’abatutsi, ati “Ariko gisirikare cyayo nta bahutu babagamo.” Agaruye ibya Congo byose kugira ngo agaragaze uburyo ibyabaye atari Jenoside.
Me Karongozi amubajije ukuntu ahakana kuba yarakoreraga ingoma ya Habyarimana Kandi nyamara yarakoze code civil, constitution ndetse akaba yarahuye kenshi na Habyarimana amusaba kurekura ibyitso ati “Ese na we wumvaga uri ménacé na n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana?”
Reyntjens ngo nawe ‘yahigwaga’ n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana
Ahakanye kuba hari itegeko na rimwe ry’u Rwanda yanditse, icyo yemera gusa ni imbanzirizamushinga y’itegeko nshinga, avuga ko na we ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwamuhigaga kuko yandikaga anenga ubutegetsi bwe, uko amatora yakorwaga, n’ibindi.
Avuga ko nko muri 80 bamufashe kuko yari yaguye ku nyandiko zivuga kuri coup d’Etat Habyarimana yari yarakoze, 1991 na bwo ngo yabonye ‘révocation’ ya Habyarimana, ari na bwo yamubwiye ati “Sinzava mu Rwanda mutarafungura ibyitso byose, Kandi abo bari Abatutsi.” Abatutsi bari bafunze icyo gihe avuga ko babarirwaga mu bihumbi 3200.
Me Karongozi avuze ko mu ijoro i Kigali baraye barasa ‘simulation’ mu 1990, bafunze Abatutsi 8000. Icyo gihe ngo muri Kigali baraye barasa byitirirwa Inkotanyi kugirango babone uko bafata Abatutsi bitaga ibyitso.
Ubushinjacyaha bwabajije Reyntjens uruhare rw’u bubiligi na Minaur muri Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi, asubiza ko kuva muri 90 intambara yo kubohora igihugu itangira, ubufaransa bwari ku ruhande rw’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, Ububiligi bukaba ku ruhande rw’inkotanyi.
Avuze ku bikorwa bya gisirikare by’abafaransa, avuga ko umuryango mpuzamahanga iyo witwara neza muri biriya bihe, baba barakijije miliyoni y’Abanyarwanda” yapfuye kandi bakabuza ‘intambara’ gukomereza muri RDC.
Inkuru bifitanye isano:
Twahirwa Séraphin yahaga Interahamwe ‘Amapeti’ nk’aya gisikare-Ubuhamya
